Nitrile vs Latex vs Vinyl: How to Choose Medical Gloves
Compare nitrile, latex and vinyl exam gloves, what mil thickness and ASTM ratings mean, and how to pick the right size and grade for clinics, home care and cleaning.
Quick answer
N95, KN95 and KF94 are all respirators that filter about 94–95% of small airborne particles. N95 is the U.S. NIOSH standard, KN95 is China's GB2626 and KF94 is South Korea's. Surgical masks protect against splashes but fit loosely. The best mask is a certified one that seals well on your face.
Mask labels are confusing: N95, KN95, KF94, FFP2, "3-ply surgical". Here's what each one means and how to choose.
The quick comparison
| Mask | Standard | Filtration | Style |
|---|---|---|---|
| N95 | U.S. NIOSH (42 CFR 84) | ≥95% | Usually head straps, tight seal |
| KN95 | China GB2626 | ≥95% | Usually ear loops, fold-flat |
| KF94 | South Korea MFDS | ≥94% | Ear loops, 3D "boat" shape |
| FFP2 | EU EN 149 | ≥94% | Varies |
| Surgical mask | ASTM F2100 (Levels 1–3) | Splash/fluid barrier; loose fit | Pleated, ear loops |
Fit matters more than the label
A respirator only works if air goes through the filter rather than around the edges. Pinch the nose wire, check for gaps at the cheeks and chin, and do a quick seal check: breathe out sharply and feel for leaks. Ear-loop styles (KN95, KF94) are more comfortable but usually seal less tightly than head-strap N95s.
When a surgical mask is enough
Surgical and 3-ply masks are designed to block splashes and your own respiratory droplets. They're good for short errands, patient-facing reception work and general hygiene, and they're cheaper for daily use. For crowded indoor spaces or caring for someone who's sick, a well-fitted respirator gives more protection.
Masks for kids
Choose masks sized for children. An adult mask gaps badly on a small face. Kids' KF94 and KN95 masks come in smaller sizes and fun prints that make them more likely to stay on. Masks aren't recommended for children under 2.
How to spot a counterfeit
- A genuine N95 is printed with the manufacturer, a TC-84A-xxxx approval number and "NIOSH". You can check it on the CDC's certified equipment list.
- Be wary of claims like "FDA approved KN95" or "N95 equivalent" with no standard number.
- Buy from established medical suppliers that publish test reports or certificates.
Our picks
- Everyday respirator: Brookwood Med KN95 5-ply white.
- Daily disposable: FuturePPE 3-ply surgical masks.
- Kids: Brookwood kids' KF94 in a rainbow panda print.
FAQs
Is KN95 as good as N95?
Both standards require about 95% filtration. A genuine, well-fitting KN95 performs similarly, but N95s usually seal better thanks to head straps and are the only type approved by NIOSH in the U.S.
How long can I wear a KN95 or KF94 mask?
Follow the maker's guidance. For personal use, replace a respirator when it's visibly dirty, damaged, damp, harder to breathe through, or the straps no longer hold a seal.
What does 5-ply mean?
It means the mask has five layers, typically outer non-woven layers, melt-blown filter layers and a soft inner layer. More layers don't guarantee better protection. Certification and fit matter most.
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general information and isn't a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Ask a qualified clinician about your situation. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.
